The Formation of the Swedish Socio-Economic Model: The "Society of Universal Welfare" (English translation of a 2011 Russian-language term paper)

English translation of a term paper (Kursovaya rabota) originally written in Russian and submitted in 2011 at the Department of General History, Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Russia; supervisor: E. N. Efimenko. This is undergraduate coursework, posted as is; the abstract and keywords were added by the translator and are not in the original. Abstract: This paper traces how the Swedish socio-economic model, known as the society of universal welfare, took shape between the founding of the Swedish Social Democratic Workers' Party (SAP) in 1889 and the end of the 1960s. Chapter I reconstructs the party's history and ideology using the five principles identified by Tim Tilton: integrating democracy, society as a people's home, the combination of equality and economic efficiency, social control of the market economy, and the strong society as a condition of individual freedom. Chapter II examines practical realisation after 1932: Keynesian budget policy, wage solidarity, labour-market policy, pensions, unemployment and sickness insurance and school reform. The paper concludes that the model is inseparable from the SAP and the trade union confederation LO, that its origins lie in the 1920s and its flowering in the 1960s, and that Swedish foreign-policy neutrality was an important condition of its success. The author was formerly named Marina A. Permyakova (the name on the original).