Nonlinear Derivative Synergetic Speed Control for TSR-Based Maximum Power Extraction in PMSG Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Efficient maximum power extraction under rapidly varying wind conditions remains a major challenge for variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). This paper proposes a nonlinear derivative synergetic mode controller (DSMC) for robust rotor speed regulation in a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based WECS operating with a tip speed ratio (TSR)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. The TSR algorithm continuously determines the optimal rotor speed corresponding to the maximum power coefficient, while the reference electromagnetic torque is generated to maintain operation at the optimal aerodynamic condition. The proposed DSMC is designed to accurately regulate the turbine speed despite the nonlinear dynamics of the WECS and external disturbances caused by fluctuating wind speeds. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed controller is systematically compared with a robust integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) and conventional proportional–integral and integral–proportional controllers under identical operating conditions. A comprehensive MATLAB 2021/Simulink model incorporating the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine and the electrical dynamics of the PMSG is developed and evaluated using a realistic variable wind speed profile. The comparative assessment is performed using key performance indicators, including rotor speed tracking, tip-speed ratio regulation, power coefficient, extracted power, electromagnetic torque response, transient behavior, and steady-state performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSMC achieves faster dynamic response, smaller tracking errors, reduced oscillations, and enhanced robustness against wind speed variations compared with the benchmark controllers. Consequently, the proposed control strategy maintains operation closer to the optimal TSR, improves energy capture efficiency, and ensures stable and smooth power extraction without increasing the computational complexity of the TSR-MPPT algorithm. These characteristics make the proposed controller an effective and practical solution for high-performance PMSG-based WECSs.