Mixed Latin square types in association schemes

We show that a finite association scheme cannot contain two distinct symmetric relations that are strongly regular graphs of strictly Latin square type and strictly negative Latin square type, respectively. This answers a question of van Dam, Koolen and Xiong. The proof combines a trace bound for two spectral projections with integrality of two intersection numbers; commutativity is not required. On the conference boundary, the graphs commute automatically. If exactly one is conference, the remaining graph has the same strict type as the other and the pair completes to a three-class scheme. Standard boundary examples and a commuting graph pair without the required algebraic closure clarify the scope. This is the first public preprint, not a peer-reviewed journal publication. The accompanying source and verification code record revisions following an internal review. OpenAI Codex assisted mathematical exploration, proof development and inspection, literature searches, algebraic and programmatic checks, drafting and revision. The author takes full responsibility for the manuscript. No specific funding or competing interests are declared.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23256527
Primary Topic
Finite Group Theory Research
Type
preprint
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preprint

Mixed Latin square types in association schemes

Yiming Liu
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Finite Group Theory Research
preprint

Mixed Latin square types in association schemes

Yiming Liu
preprint en

Abstract

We show that a finite association scheme cannot contain two distinct symmetric relations that are strongly regular graphs of strictly Latin square type and strictly negative Latin square type, respectively. This answers a question of van Dam, Koolen and Xiong. The proof combines a trace bound for two spectral projections with integrality of two intersection numbers; commutativity is not required. On the conference boundary, the graphs commute automatically. If exactly one is conference, the remaining graph has the same strict type as the other and the pair completes to a three-class scheme. Standard boundary examples and a commuting graph pair without the required algebraic closure clarify the scope. This is the first public preprint, not a peer-reviewed journal publication. The accompanying source and verification code record revisions following an internal review. OpenAI Codex assisted mathematical exploration, proof development and inspection, literature searches, algebraic and programmatic checks, drafting and revision. The author takes full responsibility for the manuscript. No specific funding or competing interests are declared.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
University of South China (CN)
Finite Group Theory Research
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Mixed Latin square types in association schemes — Yiming Liu · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS