The cofinite regularity spectrum of F-irregular graphs

For a fixed graph F, the F-degree of a vertex is the number of copies of F containing it; copies are not required to be induced. We prove that, for every connected non-star graph F with at least three vertices and every sufficiently large integer r, there is a connected r-regular graph whose vertex F-degrees are pairwise distinct. The hosts have diameter two and r + o(r) vertices. Stars are the only obstruction. The proof combines a construction with prescribed degree and a localization estimate for rooted homomorphism differences. A spectral decomposition separates the leading rooted statistics, while a scale-preserving reparametrization avoids cancellation without changing the prescribed degree. Four fixed adjacency matrices supply the seed inputs, which are verified by exact arithmetic. This manuscript is a preprint. The accompanying supplementary material contains the finite adjacency-matrix inputs and exact-arithmetic verification resources.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23268516
Primary Topic
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
Type
preprint
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preprint

The cofinite regularity spectrum of F-irregular graphs

Zhanhe Zhang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
preprint

The cofinite regularity spectrum of F-irregular graphs

Zhanhe Zhang
preprint en

Abstract

For a fixed graph F, the F-degree of a vertex is the number of copies of F containing it; copies are not required to be induced. We prove that, for every connected non-star graph F with at least three vertices and every sufficiently large integer r, there is a connected r-regular graph whose vertex F-degrees are pairwise distinct. The hosts have diameter two and r + o(r) vertices. Stars are the only obstruction. The proof combines a construction with prescribed degree and a localization estimate for rooted homomorphism differences. A spectral decomposition separates the leading rooted statistics, while a scale-preserving reparametrization avoids cancellation without changing the prescribed degree. Four fixed adjacency matrices supply the seed inputs, which are verified by exact arithmetic. This manuscript is a preprint. The accompanying supplementary material contains the finite adjacency-matrix inputs and exact-arithmetic verification resources.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Central University of Finance and Economics (CN)
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
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The cofinite regularity spectrum of F-irregular graphs — Zhanhe Zhang · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS