Micro-Scale Environmental Justice: Community-Based Settlement Governance in RT 08/RW 04 Malaka Jaya, Jakarta, Under Indonesian Environmental Law

Dense urban settlements in Indonesia continue to face unequal access to green spaces, adequate sanitation, functional drainage systems, and proper waste management. This condition reflects issues of environmental justice, in which vulnerable groups disproportionately bear environmental risks due to high population density, limited land availability, and weak local governance. Although the principle of environmental justice has a constitutional basis in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 32 of 2009, its implementation at the micro level—particularly at the Neighborhood Association (Rukun Tetangga/RT) level—remains rarely examined analytically. This study aims to analyze the extent to which community-based governance in RT 08/RW 04, Malaka Jaya Sub-district, Duren Sawit District, East Jakarta, realizes the distributive, procedural, and recognition dimensions of environmental justice, and to identify enabling and constraining factors. The research employs a descriptive qualitative case study approach using participatory observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews with seven key informants, and documentation of RT Online data and relevant regulations. Data were analyzed thematically based on the three-dimensional environmental justice framework, supported by source and method triangulation. All three dimensions of environmental justice were reflected through relatively equitable distribution of green facilities, collective participation in drainage and waste management, and recognition of residents' local knowledge. Structural risks such as density, limited land, and flood history were mitigated through inclusive leadership, technology-based data transparency, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, participation gaps and limitations in macro-level drainage infrastructure remain challenges. This study contributes conceptually and practically by offering an analytical model of RT-level governance grounded in environmental justice, adaptable to other dense urban settlements, and highlighting the need to formalize participatory mechanisms and data transparency at the sub-district and district levels.