Unconceived alternatives, scientific instrumentalism, and the methodology of pragmatist philosophy of science

Abstract Pragmatist philosophy of science often consists in characterizing problems within science and proposing solutions. Recently, history has been a popular source of support. This paper argues that the methodology of pragmatist philosophy is ill-equipped for articulating tractable problems, much less proposing effective solutions, especially when history is the primary source of support. The argument proceeds by showing that Stanford’s argument for the problem of unconceived alternatives fails to also support instrumentalism as a solution , even though the latter seems a natural, if partial, solution. This analysis is used to illustrate the need for pragmatists to articulate their goals and support their claims using appropriate inference strategies. It concludes by suggesting that those serious about their pragmatist ambitions would be better equipped for delivering were they to arm themselves with methods and knowledge from allied disciplines.