Introduction to using symbolic regression for interpretable machine learning in healthcare

Abstract The past decade has seen machine learning play an increasingly important role in medicine. However, many of the state-of-the-art models being developed and deployed suffer from a lack of transparency, limiting integration into the clinical decision-making process and raising concerns about patient safety. Here we call attention to symbolic regression, a largely overlooked machine learning technique that aims to be both accurate and interpretable by learning readable mathematical models from data. In recent years, it has undergone rapid advancements with successful application to problems across a wide range of disciplines. In this perspective, we provide an approachable introduction to symbolic regression, highlight its strengths and limitations, and explore its potential applications in medicine.