“Damysell, þat can ʒe best do”

Abstract An examination of early Middle English texts is essential for understanding the emergence and development of the t / v distinction, which refers to the functional distinction between the less formal singular pronoun thou ( t ) and the more polite plural form ye ( v ) to address a single interlocutor. This study investigates t / v forms in four saints’ lives contained in two early Middle English collections, namely the South English Legendary ( sel ) and the Northern Homily Cycle ( nhc ). The results of this study indicate that t forms predominate both in the sel and the nhc . The few v pronouns which appear in the selected texts often signal marked respect for a superior interlocutor and usually occur in contexts where interactionally inferior speakers make requests. These findings show that pronouns of address were highly functional and thus suggest that t / v forms could be employed strategically to characterise the interlocutors and their verbal interaction.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Historical Pragmatics
Published
2026-10-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.25043.huw
Primary Topic
Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

“Damysell, þat can ʒe best do”

Rahel Huwyler
Journal of Historical Pragmatics
Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
article

“Damysell, þat can ʒe best do”

Rahel Huwyler
article en

Abstract

Abstract An examination of early Middle English texts is essential for understanding the emergence and development of the t / v distinction, which refers to the functional distinction between the less formal singular pronoun thou ( t ) and the more polite plural form ye ( v ) to address a single interlocutor. This study investigates t / v forms in four saints’ lives contained in two early Middle English collections, namely the South English Legendary ( sel ) and the Northern Homily Cycle ( nhc ). The results of this study indicate that t forms predominate both in the sel and the nhc . The few v pronouns which appear in the selected texts often signal marked respect for a superior interlocutor and usually occur in contexts where interactionally inferior speakers make requests. These findings show that pronouns of address were highly functional and thus suggest that t / v forms could be employed strategically to characterise the interlocutors and their verbal interaction.

Journal of Historical Pragmatics
University of Zurich (CH)
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
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“Damysell, þat can ʒe best do” — Rahel Huwyler · Journal of Historical Pragmatics (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS