A Comprehensive Experiment on the Fabrication and Miniaturized Application of Hole Transport Layer-Free Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract Laboratory instruction in photovoltaics still lags behind technological advances and lacks systematic training that integrates materials preparation, characterization, and application design. To address this gap, we designed a comprehensive laboratory experiment centered on hole transport layer-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells (HTL-free C-PSCs). Grounded in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), this experimental program follows the experiential teaching cycle, encompassing the entire research chain of material synthesis, device assembly, performance testing, and system integration. The experiment course design features a basic module on hands-on operation and principle verification, and an advanced module on solvent-additive modulation and multidimensional structure–property characterization. Innovatively, the experiment integrates multiple cell units into a photovoltaic (PV) panel that successfully powers a PV house model with LED lighting, thereby achieving closed-loop teaching from material fabrication to application design. This pedagogical framework effectively bridges fundamental theory and research frontiers, enhances students’ scientific literacy and engineering practice skills, and provides a reproducible, comprehensive practical paradigm for new energy materials education.