Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with iron deficiency anemia in a child: a case report

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency in children and a rare, but important risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The association is attributed to iron deficiency–induced thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability; however, pediatric cases remain infrequently reported. Case presentation We report a 2-year-old Estonian boy with excessive cow’s milk intake who presented with severe headaches and vomiting. Examination revealed marked pallor and a systolic murmur, while neuroimaging demonstrated thrombosis of the superior sagittal and left transverse sinuses, extending into the internal jugular vein. Laboratory investigations confirmed severe IDA with a normal thrombophilia screen. The patient was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin and intravenous iron, followed by transition to oral iron supplementation. Follow-up venography at three months demonstrated complete thrombus resolution and full clinical recovery. Conclusion CVST is a rare, but serious complication of severe IDA in children. Early recognition and timely management with anticoagulation and iron supplementation are crucial for favorable outcomes.