Energy Analysis of an ICE and Electrolyzer-Based Poly-Generative System with Renewable Energy Storage Supporting Green Mobility and Building Loads

This study evaluates a poly-generative (PG) system integrating a biomass-fed ICE co-generator, a photovoltaic (PV) system, and a PEM electrolyzer. Located in Rende, Italy (Lat. 39.3° N), the system is designed to reduce grid dependence by supplying electric energy for EV charging, hydrogen for FCHEV refueling, and thermal energy for building loads. The present work extends the energy assessment to four representative seasonal days, two mobility-demand scenarios, part-load ICE operation, and a Vehicle-to-Grid strategy to manage PV surplus and support fixed-load hydrogen production. This integrated approach aims to demonstrate the feasibility of decentralized energy systems combining renewable sources and biofuels. Under maximum-range conditions, the system reaches peak electrical and thermal outputs of 50 kW and 97 kW, respectively, while producing up to 9.23 kg of hydrogen per day for FCHEV refueling. The system successfully meets 100% of the building’s domestic hot water requirements year-round.