Freezing Technique as a Non-Chemical Preservation and Conservation Method: A Study from NLIK

The preservation of manuscripts and rare materials is an important responsibility of libraries and archival institutions because these materials represent valuable historical, cultural, literary, religious, linguistic and intellectual heritage. Paper manuscripts and rare books are particularly vulnerable to biological deterioration caused by insects, mould and microorganisms. Freezing is a non-chemical preservation technique used to control biological activity and is particularly useful for selected materials affected by infestation or moisture-related deterioration. The present study examines the application of freezing as a non-chemical preservation method at the National Library of India, Kolkata (NLIK) and the outcomes. The study finds that freezing provides NLIK with an important alternative to chemical treatment for selected rare materials. However, its effective application requires careful material assessment, controlled conditions, appropriate packaging, trained personnel and follow-up inspection. Overall, freezing forms a valuable component of NLIK’s integrated preservation and conservation programme.