Emergence of Positive and Negative Electric Charge in the SRE Framework: Magnitude, Sign, and Numerical Verification

SRE dynamics expresses electric charge as "the counting of topological knots" (…Fundamental Reconstruction of Classical Electrodynamics). Counting is naturally non-negative and yields only the magnitude, not the sign. This paper closes that gap and rigorously gives: $$Q(K)=\sigma(K)\cdot\deg(K)\cdot e,\qquad \deg(K)=\beta_1(K)\bmod 2,\qquad \sigma(K)\in H^1(G;\mathbb{Z}_2).$$ Namely: charge magnitude = the parity of the number of independent loops; charge sign = the ℤ₂ winding phase (holonomy). Thereby we obtain in closed form the electron $Q=-e$, the positron $Q=+e$, the proton $Q=+e$, the neutron $Q=0$, and the antiproton $Q=-e$, and we explain "the proton and the electron have the same charge magnitude while their masses differ by about a factor of 1836" (charge–mass decoupling). Two numerical tests confirm: the sign channel and the magnitude channel are mutually independent (§10.1); the electron is forced by skeletal symmetry into the trivial holonomy class, while the proton falls into the non-trivial class (§10.2), so that the opposite signs of the electron and the proton acquire a structural origin. SRE 动力学把电荷表述为「拓扑纽结的计数」(《…经典电动力学的基础重构》)。计数天然非负,只给出量值,无法给出符号。本文补全这一缺口,严格给出: $$Q(K)=\sigma(K)\cdot\deg(K)\cdot e,\qquad \deg(K)=\beta_1(K)\bmod 2,\qquad \sigma(K)\in H^1(G;\mathbb{Z}_2).$$ 即:电荷量值 = 独立环数的奇偶;电荷符号 = ℤ₂ 卷绕相位(holonomy)。由此闭合地给出电子 $Q=-e$、正电子 $Q=+e$、质子 $Q=+e$、中子 $Q=0$、反质子 $Q=-e$,并解释「质子与电子电荷量值相同、质量相差约 1836 倍」(电荷-质量解耦)。两项数值检验确证:符号通道与量值通道相互独立(§10.1);电子被骨架对称性强制到平凡 holonomy 类、质子落在非平凡类(§10.2),从而电子/质子异号获得结构来源。