Design and Performance Evaluation of a Blockchain-Based Agricultural Product Traceability System Using Hyperledger Fabric

Agricultural product safety incidents highlight trust deficits in supply chain management. This study designs and evaluates a Hyperledger Fabric-based agricultural traceability prototype in which public product data, enterprise farming details, and regulatory cost data are managed through private data collections (PDC) with two private data levels. Performance was characterized with role-based reads and three write workloads (product registration, farming-detail addition, and regulatory cost-data submission) at 10, 25, and 50 TPS. Extended repeated benchmarks achieved 100% success, with average latencies of 0.22–0.24 s at 50 TPS and 0.94–0.95 s at 10 TPS. Worker-count tests confirmed that the Caliper client did not limit the 50 TPS load, and saturation tests showed failure-free operation up to 150 TPS for private-data writes, with degradation above 200 TPS attributed to CPU contention between the benchmark client and Fabric components on the same 4-core host. The recommended block-cutting configuration (MaxMessageCount = 10, BatchTimeout = 2 s) is therefore presented as an application-specific reference for single-host prototype deployment.