DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MYELOGRAM FINDINGS AND THE MORPHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BONE MARROW HEMATOPOIESIS IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES

Background. Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid neoplasms in which morphological assessment of the bone marrow remains a cornerstone of diagnosis (Platzbecker U, et al., 2023; Yuen LD, Hasserjian RP, 2023). Particular diagnostic importance is attributed to the detection of dysplastic changes involving multiple hematopoietic lineages. Morphological abnormalities are essential for differentiating MDS from reactive conditions, other myeloid neoplasms, and a number of non-neoplastic causes of cytopenias (Oster HS, Mittelman M, 2024; Komrokji RS, Lanino L, Ball S, et al., 2024). The contemporary morphological approach includes assessment of bone marrow aspirates and biopsies, peripheral blood findings, blast percentage, ring sideroblasts, cellularity, and the extent and lineage distribution of dysplasia. The aim. The analyze quantitative and morphological changes in the myelogram of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed in 50 patients with MDS who were followed at the Khorezm Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center between 2020 and 2026. The mean age of the patients was 52.2±2.3 years. The cellular composition of the bone marrow and the morphology of hematopoietic cells were assessed by manual microscopic examination using a LEICA ICC50 E microscope (Germany). The statistical significance of quantitative differences was assessed using Student's t-test, with calculation of P-values following assessment of the normality of data distribution by the kurtosis test and equality of population variances using Fisher's F-test. Associations were evaluated using a rank correlation coefficient. A P-value