The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Contract Performance under the Doctrine of Exceptional Circumstances

This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on contract performance under the doctrine of exceptional circumstances in Egyptian civil law. It discusses Article 147 of the Egyptian Civil Code, the conditions for applying the doctrine, and the distinction between hardship and force majeure. It also considers how the effect of the pandemic on a particular contractual obligation may influence its legal treatment. Originally written in Arabic in 2020 as undergraduate coursework at Cairo University, this paper is presented here in an English translation prepared with AI assistance. It preserves the context of the original work and has not been independently updated or peer reviewed.