Metal Compound‐Based Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Cholesterol Sensors: Emerging Materials and Mechanistic Insights

ABSTRACT Cholesterol plays a vital role in cellular function, yet abnormal cholesterol levels are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, creating a need for accurate and rapid detection. Conventional enzymatic sensors, although sensitive, are limited by enzyme instability, high cost, and short operational lifetimes. This review highlights recent advances in metal compound‐based non‐enzymatic electrochemical cholesterol sensors, which offer improved stability, affordability, and potential suitability for point‐of‐care applications. We examine the electrocatalytic mechanisms and material innovations underpinning these sensors, with a focus on metal oxides, metal sulfides, and oxide‐sulfide composites. Mechanistic insights are provided into nanostructuring, heterointerface engineering, and multicomponent integration as strategies for improving sensitivity, selectivity, and durability. Comparative analysis reveals condition‐dependent trade‐offs material classes rather than universal superiority in analytical performance. Finally, we identify key challenges, including reproducibility, antifouling, and clinical validation, and outline future directions toward scalable, biocompatible platforms for personalized cholesterol monitoring.