Effect of Optical Correction on Visual Function and Contrast Sensitivity in Accommodative Esotropia: A Comparative Study

Objectives This study aimed to explore how visual acuity, angle of deviation, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity change before and after full refractive correction in children diagnosed with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE) and partially RAE (PRAE), while also considering any differences based on gender. Material and Methods A prospective pre-post interventional study without a control group was conducted in children aged 3–9 years with RAE or PRAE, involving a comprehensive ocular assessment at baseline and reassessment two months after full cycloplegic spectacle correction. Results Full refractive correction led to significant improvements in visual acuity, angle of deviation, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity ( p <0.001). A strong inverse relationship was observed between strabismus angle and binocular contrast sensitivity, both before and after correction, whereas no significant association was found between angle of deviation and stereoacuity. Outcomes did not differ by gender or esotropia subtype, and regression analysis showed that larger pre-correction deviation angles predicted poorer contrast sensitivity ( R 2 = 0.496, p <0.001). Conclusion Full cycloplegic refractive correction plays a vital role in significantly improving visual acuity, ocular alignment, depth perception, and contrast sensitivity in children with accommodative esotropia, highlighting its importance in enhancing visual function.