Standardized black Allium chinense G.Don and Sonneratia apetala Banks polysaccharide as a natural health product strategy for pain, fever, and inflammation

Abstract Objectives To evaluate a standardized humid-heat-aged black Allium chinense G.Don extract and Sonneratia apetala Banks polysaccharide as a preclinical natural health product strategy for pain, fever, and inflammation. Methods AC-70E was standardized by HPLC-DAD, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)/S-allyl cysteine (SAC) marker control, and LC-MS profiling. SA-PS was quality-controlled for purity, endotoxin, monosaccharide profile, and molecular weight. Efficacy and interaction were assessed in murine nociception, pyrexia, and edema models using fixed-ratio Chou-Talalay analysis and inflammatory biomarkers. Results The combination showed synergy mainly in inflammation-dominant endpoints, including formalin phase II and carrageenan edema AUC, with CI values of 0.60–0.78 and DRI values of 1.30–2.10 at Fa=0.50–0.75. Responses were accompanied by lower IL-6/PGE 2 and MPO/COX-2-linked readouts. Conclusions These findings support a processing-informed natural health product framework with preclinical dose-sparing relevance for inflammation-dominant pain, fever, and edema, warranting further validation.