In Vitro Release Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of Ribes nigrum Extract-Loaded PLGA/Chitosan Nanoparticles

= 0.9796) and followed anomalous transport kinetics, indicating a combined contribution of diffusion and polymer relaxation mechanisms.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the value of comprehensive kinetic modeling in the design of nanoparticulate delivery systems and indicate that RN-loaded hybrid polymeric nanoparticles may be promising candidates for sustained-release mucosal delivery platforms. Further biological, stability, and in vivo studies are required to evaluate their therapeutic relevance and safety under physiologically relevant conditions.