Gingival Overgrowth in an E-Cigarette User: A Case Report of a Possible Association

Background The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has significantly increased among young adults, yet the effects on oral health remain inadequately understood. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between vaping and periodontal inflammation, as well as alterations in oral mucosa, but there is limited clinical case documentation. Case Presentation A 26-year-old male, a regular e-cigarette user with poor oral hygiene, presented with a localized, erythematous gingival mass located between the maxillary right lateral incisor and canine (#12–#13). The lesion had a smooth surface and bled easily upon manipulation. Initial management included nonsurgical periodontal therapy, reinforcement of oral hygiene practices, and smoking cessation counseling. Due to the persistence of the lesion, a surgical excision was performed that extended beyond the visible margins. Histopathological examination revealed a benign reactive lesion characterized by acanthosis, fibrosis, and chronic inflammatory infiltrate, with no evidence of malignancy. Follow-up at six weeks demonstrated satisfactory healing with no recurrence. Conclusion This case underscores a potential association between e-cigarette use and reactive gingival lesions. Persistent gingival enlargements in patients who vape should not be overlooked and require thorough evaluation, including a biopsy when necessary. A comprehensive patient history, elimination of local irritants, and long-term follow-up are crucial. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between vaping and oral soft tissue pathology.