Comparison of Bone Reduction Forceps and Elastic Traction for Symphysis and Parasymphysis Mandibular Fracture Reduction: A Prospective Non-Randomised Comparative Study

Abstract Background Symphysis and parasymphysis fractures are among the most common mandibular injuries and require accurate reduction before fixation. Traditional intermaxillary fixation (IMF) has several disadvantages, prompting interest in alternative reduction methods. This study compares bone reduction forceps and elastic traction with respect to reduction quality, operative efficiency, and surgeon-reported outcomes. Methods A prospective non-randomised comparative study was conducted in 20 patients (18–70 years) with symphysis or parasymphysis fractures, who were allocated to Group A (bone reduction forceps) and Group B (elastic traction). Postoperative radiographic assessment was performed on Day 1, while clinical outcomes were assessed according to the predefined follow-up schedule up to 4 weeks. Outcomes included occlusion, step deformity, reduction time, ease of manipulation, force required, tooth vitality, paraesthesia, and surgeon perceptions using a VAS scale. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Both groups achieved satisfactory postoperative occlusion ( p > 0.99). Step deformity was absent in eight patients in Group A and nine in Group B ( p > 0.99). Bone reduction forceps significantly reduced manipulation force ( p = 0.033 ), fracture-reduction time (p = 0.001), surgeon fatigue ( p < 0.001 ), and difficulty of reduction ( p = 0.006). Conclusion Both techniques achieved comparable clinical outcomes. Bone reduction forceps were associated with improved operative efficiency and surgeon comfort; however, findings should be interpreted cautiously due to study limitations. Trial Registration CTRI/2022/10/046390.