Coproduction Willingness and Citizen Satisfaction: Evidence From an Extended Expectancy‐Disconfirmation Model

ABSTRACT Citizen satisfaction in coproduction contexts is crucial for public service governance. Drawing on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Model, this study uses survey‐based quadratic response surface analysis to examine how congruence between expectations and performance relates to satisfaction and whether coproduction willingness conditions these associations. The results indicate that (1) satisfaction is higher as both expectations and performance are higher, and is higher when performance exceeds expectations; (2) coproduction willingness weakens the positive association between performance and satisfaction, whereas its moderating role on the expectation‐satisfaction association is not significant; (3) when coproduction willingness is considered, satisfaction shows an inverted U‐shaped nonlinear association with jointly increasing expectations and performance. Viewed through the Expectancy‐Disconfirmation Model, these findings provide bounded empirical evidence regarding the association between coproduction willingness and satisfaction evaluations in public service settings.