Urban Ecosystem Services for Climate-Resilient Landscapes: Evidence, Trade-Offs, and Multifunctionality in Green Spaces, Urban Forests, and Blue–Green Infrastructure

Cities worldwide face mounting resilience challenges as climatic threats intersect with rapid urbanisation, declining ecosystem services and biodiversity, growing socioeconomic inequality, reduced human–nature integration, and environmental issues such as soil sealing, pollution, heat, and noise, alongside challenges related to food security [...]