Genotype Distribution Characteristics and Short-Term Follow-Up of HPV Infection Among Male Outpatients in Wenzhou, China

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype distribution, co-infection patterns, and disease-specific characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among male outpatients in Wenzhou, China. Methods: A total of 1934 male outpatients who underwent HPV genotyping at Wenzhou People’s Hospital and Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital between April 2023 and March 2026 were enrolled. Baseline infection status, clinical manifestations, genotype co-infection patterns, and six-month follow-up outcomes were analyzed. Results: The overall HPV positivity rate was 39.14%. HPV52 was the most prevalent high-risk genotype (13.61%, 95% CI: 11.12–16.43%), most frequently co-detected with HPV51 and HPV58, whereas HPV6 dominated low-risk genotypes (40.16%, 95% CI: 36.69–43.66%). HPV positivity differed significantly across disease groups (p < 0.001), with the highest rate observed in mucocutaneous lesions (58.07%, 95% CI: 53.89–62.18%). Single-genotype infection predominated (73.71%, 95% CI: 70.58–76.85%). Of 757 HPV-positive patients, 403 (53.24%) completed six-month follow-up, and their rates of complete clearance, isolated persistence, incident-only genotype, and superinfection were 52.61%, 28.04%, 13.40%, and 5.96%, respectively. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for male-specific HPV screening strategies, targeted health education for high-risk populations, and age-stratified individualized follow-up protocols. Such regional epidemiological evidence may help optimize local prevention, intervention, and clinical management of HPV-associated disorders in men.