The resilience and damage of concrete

The damage and resilience of concrete are characterized and discussed from the perspective of elastic strain energy. This study reveals an intrinsic connection between damage and resilience, thereby uncovering the physical underpinning of resilience and damage at the material level. Subsequently, the resilience evolution curve of concrete is delineated through the analysis of cyclic loading test data, and two key characteristics of resilience evolution are identified. Then, a resilience function driven by equivalent plastic shear strain is proposed to quantitatively characterize the resilience of concrete under multiaxial stress conditions. Triaxial cyclic test results were employed to validate the efficacy of the proposed resilience function. Based on the methodology of resilience at the material scale, quantitative characterization of the resilience of concrete at the component level is developed utilizing finite element simulation.