Performing Neurotypicality: A Concept Explication of Autistic Masking as Strategic Identity Communication

Autistic masking, defined as the suppression of natural behaviors and performance of neurotypical communication patterns, is increasingly recognized as prevalent and psychologically costly. However, research reflects diverse terminological and theoretical approaches, as well as varied measurement practices, which can complicate theoretical integration and cumulative development. Building on and engaging existing conceptual frameworks that position masking as stigma management, identity negotiation, and transactional impression management, this article contributes a communication theory-informed operational framework to support empirical investigation of autistic masking. Following an established methodology for concept explication, I synthesize the existing literature and develop a communication-based conceptual definition grounded in dramaturgical theory, stigma management frameworks, communication privacy management, and identity negotiation theory. I justify this definition through six approaches: examples, exclusion, comparison, functions, antecedents, and analogies. I conceptualize masking as strategic identity communication shaped by stigma, power, and neurotypical expectations through which autistic individuals modify verbal and nonverbal behavior to navigate social interactions. I operationalize this conceptualization across five observable dimensions: behavioral modification type, communicative domain, context, awareness and intentionality, and intensity and extent. Illustrative propositions demonstrate potential empirical applications of this framework. This communication-focused explication complements existing psychological and sociological approaches and connects autism research to established communication theory. It may also inform the development of dimensional measurement to advance understanding of masking’s mechanisms and consequences.