Experiences with the Department of Housing and Urban Development smoke-free air policy in North Carolina

Introduction To combat high rates of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) implemented a smoke-free air policy. The present study examined residents’ experiences with the smoke-free air policy in two metropolitan counties in North Carolina. Methods Residents of HUD public housing were recruited in Durham and Wake Counties. The research team developed a semi-structured interview guide to gather information about public housing residents’ attitudes about, knowledge of and experiences with the policy. Participants were also asked to provide recommendations to improve policy implementation. To analyze the data collected from resident interviews, we used a hybrid deductive/inductive approach. Results Twenty-three residents of HUD public housing completed interviews. Residents’ experiences were organized across key themes: resident knowledge of the policy, policy support, compliance and enforcement, and policy impact on tobacco use/secondhand smoke exposure. All residents interviewed reported that they knew about the policy, and most approved of the policy. However, many residents reported violations. Residents were reluctant to report violations and expressed concerns about preserving autonomy in their residential spaces and protecting individuals who smoke from eviction. Some residents reported less smoke around their home, while others reported no change or even more smoking in their building. Residents suggested increased signage about the policy and that HUD offer free smoking cessation support. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest challenges related to implementation of the smoke-free air policy. Pairing consistent policy reminders with accessible cessation resources may improve compliance and strengthen policy impact.