Dietary intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6, and the risk of gastric cancer: pooled analyses within the Stomach cancer Pooling (Stop) project

Abstract Background Disentangling the role of micronutrients in gastric cancer (GC) is challenging and results are inconsistent to date. We investigated associations of dietary intake of B vitamins with GC in a pooled analysis of international studies. Methods We included orifinal data from 13 case-control studies of GC from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project. Data were harmonized and study-specific quartiles of dietary intake of the B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin) and B6 (pyridoxine) were created. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of associations between each B vitamin with GC and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression models adjusted for major risk factors. We then pooled study-specific ORs using random effect meta-analysis. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, histologic type and anatomical site. Secondary analyses were further adjusted for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, alcohol, meat and vegetables and fruit intake. Results The study population included 5252 GC cases and 11,397 controls. We observed the following associations for one-quartile increase of dietary vitamin intake: B1, OR = 0.93 (95% CI = 0.88–0.97); B2, OR=0.97 (95% CI = 0.93–1.02); B3, OR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.90–1.00); B6, OR = 0.86 (95% CI = 0.82–0.91); we observed an interaction between B1 and sex, with beneficil effect in men for the highest quartile of intake ( p = 0.009). Main results were confirmed when further adjusting for Hp. When accounting for alcohol, meat and vegetables and fruit intakes, the associations were weakened or no more apparent. No heterogeneity was found between cardia and non-cardia GC; B2 was directly associated with diffuse but not intestinal GC ( p = 0.03). Conclusions Dietary intake of B1 and B6 vitamins might reduce the risk of GC. Studies with homogeneous method of micronutrients assessment and adjustments are needed to confirm our results.

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Journal
European Journal of Nutrition
Published
2026-10-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-026-04112-6
Primary Topic
Folate and B Vitamins Research
Type
article
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article

Dietary intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6, and the risk of gastric cancer: pooled analyses within the Stomach cancer Pooling (Stop) project

Charles S. Rabkin, Giulia Collatuzzo, Monica Ferraroni, Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez et al.
European Journal of Nutrition
Folate and B Vitamins Research
article

Dietary intake of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6, and the risk of gastric cancer: pooled analyses within the Stomach cancer Pooling (Stop) project

Charles S. Rabkin, Giulia Collatuzzo, Monica Ferraroni, Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez, Rossella Bonzi, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi, Malaquı́as López-Cervantes, Michele Sassano, Shoichiro Tsugane, Francesca Bravi, Claudio Pelucchi, Lizbeth López‐Carrillo, Gemma Castaño‐Vinyals, Akihisa Hidaka, Mary H. Ward, Dmitry Maximovich, Reza Malekzadeh, Sandra Gonzales-Palacios, Carlo La Vecchia, Nuno Lunet, Jesus Vioque, Paolo Boffetta, Eva Negri, David Zaridze, Samantha Morais, M. Constanza Camargo, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Guo-Pei Yu, Nerea Fernández Larrea-Baz
article en

Abstract

Abstract Background Disentangling the role of micronutrients in gastric cancer (GC) is challenging and results are inconsistent to date. We investigated associations of dietary intake of B vitamins with GC in a pooled analysis of international studies. Methods We included orifinal data from 13 case-control studies of GC from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project. Data were harmonized and study-specific quartiles of dietary intake of the B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin) and B6 (pyridoxine) were created. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of associations between each B vitamin with GC and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression models adjusted for major risk factors. We then pooled study-specific ORs using random effect meta-analysis. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, histologic type and anatomical site. Secondary analyses were further adjusted for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, alcohol, meat and vegetables and fruit intake. Results The study population included 5252 GC cases and 11,397 controls. We observed the following associations for one-quartile increase of dietary vitamin intake: B1, OR = 0.93 (95% CI = 0.88–0.97); B2, OR=0.97 (95% CI = 0.93–1.02); B3, OR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.90–1.00); B6, OR = 0.86 (95% CI = 0.82–0.91); we observed an interaction between B1 and sex, with beneficil effect in men for the highest quartile of intake ( p = 0.009). Main results were confirmed when further adjusting for Hp. When accounting for alcohol, meat and vegetables and fruit intakes, the associations were weakened or no more apparent. No heterogeneity was found between cardia and non-cardia GC; B2 was directly associated with diffuse but not intestinal GC ( p = 0.03). Conclusions Dietary intake of B1 and B6 vitamins might reduce the risk of GC. Studies with homogeneous method of micronutrients assessment and adjustments are needed to confirm our results.

European Journal of NutritionVol. 65(8)
Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx (ES), National Institutes of Health (US), University of Alberta (CA), University of California, Los Angeles (US), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES), Universidade do Porto (PT), University of Milan (IT), Peking University (CN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT), AC Camargo Hospital (BR), Yale University (US), National Cancer Centre Japan (JP), Pekin Public Library (US), Russian Cancer Research Center NN Blokhin (RU), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ES), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL) (ES), UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (PT), Stony Brook University (US), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR), International University of Health and Welfare (JP), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX), University of Bologna (IT)
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Folate and B Vitamins Research
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