Bacteriophage Bioimmobilisation: Current Methods and Applications with Future Perspectives for Fish Supplementation

This review addresses methods and conditions for the bioimmobilisation of bacterio-phages, focusing on strategies that will preserve phage activity and enable their effective and/or controlled release in target environments. Key advances in this field are discussed, with particular emphasis on a bibliometric analysis of primary source data. In this context, future directions will include the encapsulation of previously unstudied bacteriophages, particularly those targeting fish pathogens, as well as the optimization of bioimmobilisation processes to develop stable dietary supplements. Attention is also given to identifying suitable systems for the safe incorporation of phages into feed and/or supplement formulations.