Changes in arbovirus risks and responses from 2020 to 2026

Abstract Since 2020, viruses spread by mosquitoes and biting midges have become a larger and less predictable public health challenge. Dengue continues to cause the greatest burden, but chikungunya, Oropouche, and other viruses are re-emerging or spreading into new areas. In this narrative review, we summarize major changes in arbovirus epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis, vaccination, treatment, vector ecology, and mosquito control from 2020 to 2026. New tools can help detect risk earlier and prevent disease, but their usefulness depends on local capacity, safety monitoring, affordability, environmental considerations, and sustained implementation. The next phase of arbovirus control will depend on using these tools strategically, equitably, and before outbreaks overwhelm health systems.