Still building the foundation: Why reliability and validity studies in AI remain essential for anatomical sciences education

Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved from speculative novelty to an everyday presence among both learners and educators in medical education, with applications spanning tutoring, assessment, feedback, and support for clinical reasoning.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Within the anatomical sciences, customized GPTs, image-enabled systems, and multimodal tools are being proposed and tested for cadaveric and radiologic structure labeling, real-time histology feedback, quiz generation, and adaptive tutoring in anatomy.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] These developments, while still in their infancy, have begun to reshape how students engage with and test their anatomical knowledge.[8][9][10][11]16 The surge in AI usage and applications has led to mounting pressures on researchers and journals alike to demonstrate AI's educational effectiveness.17 Some medical and health professions education journals now actively prioritize AI studies that examine learner outcomes in knowledge, skills, or attitudes.Paradoxically, 19359780, 0,