Cross-cultural validation and latent profile analysis of the self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

This study aims to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs Scale (SEHEPS) for Chinese patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), and to explore the latent profiles of their home exercise program (HEP) self-efficacy as well as the associated influencing factors. A two-phase study design consist of a scale validation study and a cross-sectional correlational study with latent profile analysis (LPA). Phase 1 involved translating, back-translating, and culturally adapting the English SEHEPS per cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, with reliability and validity tested among 318 patients after ARCR. Phase 2 conducted a cross-sectional survey of 210 additional patients; LPA identified self-efficacy profiles, and multinomial logistic regression examined influencing factors. The Chinese version of the SEHEPS comprises three dimensions (Emotional Challenge, Situational Obstacle, Instrumental Support) with a total Cronbach’s α of 0.807. Latent profile analysis identified three latent categories: low self-efficacy group (14.8%), moderate self-efficacy group (56.2%), and high self-efficacy group (29.0%). Older age, higher BMI, greater kinesiophobia, lower social support, and lower day-surgery health literacy were associated with membership in the low or moderate self-efficacy profiles compared with the high self-efficacy profile. The Chinese version of the SEHEPS demonstrates good reliability and validity. The HEP self-efficacy of these patients can be classified into three distinct latent profiles associated with multiple factors.