The Process of Customization in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Advancements in 3D Design and Manufacturing

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a powerful tool in joint replacement surgeries, enabling the creation of custom implants that address complex anatomical deformities. In shoulder arthroplasty, particularly in cases involving severe glenoid bone loss or fracture, custom 3D-printed glenoid baseplates offer solutions not possible with standard implants. This review outlines the step-by-step workflow for designing a custom implant, using the case of an 80-year-old patient with advanced glenoid deformity and fracture to illustrate clinical application. The process included high-resolution CT imaging, digital segmentation, and advanced planning for implant design, material selection, and fixation strategy. Postoperatively, the patient demonstrated significant pain reduction, improved range of motion, and radiographic evidence of implant stability and osseointegration. This case highlights the promise of 3D-printing in complex shoulder reconstruction and underscores the importance of continued innovation to expand access, streamline production, and validate long-term outcomes.