Renewable energy communities in Austria: a mixed-methods assessment of challenges, opportunities and stakeholder perspectives

Abstract Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) have become an important tool for promoting citizen participation in the energy transition and supporting the decentralization of energy systems. In Austria, RECs have experienced particularly strong growth since the introduction of the relevant legal framework. Despite this development, empirical evidence regarding the practical experiences of REC operators combined with perspectives from other key stakeholders remains limited. This study examines the challenges and opportunities associated with RECs in Austria using a sequential mixed-methods approach. The study combines a nationwide online survey of REC operators ( n = 112) with semi-structured interviews with REC operators, distribution system operators, electricity suppliers, and the Austrian Energy Regulatory Authority. The results show that RECs are generally perceived positively. Cost savings and economic benefits emerged as the most important motivations for establishing RECs, while environmental and community-related motivations also played an important role. At the same time, regulatory complexity, administrative burdens, data exchange, and challenges in the area of digitalization remain key obstacles. Future priorities include the integration of storage systems, smart energy management, automation, and membership growth. The findings provide empirical evidence for the practical implementation of RECs and offer insights for policymakers, practitioners, and future research.