Heteronormativity, institutional norms and pedagogical challenges facing lesbian students in higher education in Pakistan

This study explores the intersectional challenges faced by lesbian students in Pakistani universities. Considering the sensitivity of the subject, not much research has been conducted with lesbian university students in Pakistan. Applying qualitative research methodologies and using snowball sampling techniques, we interviewed 20 self-identified lesbian students from two Pakistani universities. Interviews were transcribed and translated from Urdu to English, then thematically analyzed. Findings demonstrated the politics of heteronormativity within educational culture that governs the construction of both classroom settings and queer spaces. Applying insights from Meyer’s 1 minority stress theory, we document the challenges that lesbian students face upon coming out in university settings; these challenges include social exclusion, derision, and a lack of institutional support. These challenges are exacerbated by educational pressures, religious norms, and cultural expectations that discourage lesbian students from disclosing their sexual orientation to their peers, their instructors and the wider community.