Construction of Goa’s identity: from liberation to the opinion poll (1961–1967)

Goa, the smallest state in the Indian Union, has faced persistent questions about its identity. This paper explores the crucial period between its liberation from Portuguese rule in 1961 and the Opinion Poll of 1967, which determined that Goa would remain a separate entity rather than merge with Maharashtra. It examines the role of political parties, public opinion, and cultural factors that influenced this decision. By studying the political debates and movements of the time, the paper seeks to understand how this early phase of statehood shaped the foundations of Goa’s unique identity within the broader Indian national framework.