Relational Protocols for Human–Machine Dialogue in the Age of Co-developmental AI: Legal, Social, and Cultural Perspectives in Asia

Abstract The growing pace of artificial intelligence (AI) in Asia has changed the nature of human–machine interaction. This article builds on the idea of “relational protocols” that are normative and procedural systems that govern the growth of co-developmental AI systems, as they are developed in an iterative fashion with human users. Through comparative jurisprudence, the article analyses the difference in frameworks between four Asian legal systems, China, Singapore, Japan and India, each of which has its own cultural logics, constitutional orders and administrative traditions. Article critically questions the idea of the “mediation of conflict” between administration and individual communicative rights by using a normative analysis of each jurisdiction. Based on the results, there is a need for more than just technical efficiency in AI governance in Asia; relational accountability, cultural sensitivity, and meaningful human oversight must also be incorporated in designing the human–machine dialogue.