Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning: Transforming the Future of Education

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative forces in contemporary education, reshaping how knowledge is delivered, assessed, and personalized. This literature review examines the evolution, applications, benefits, and challenges of AI in teaching and learning contexts. Drawing on peer-reviewed research and institutional reports published between 2016 and 2024, the review identifies four principal areas of AI application: intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessment and feedback mechanisms, learning analytics, and generative AI for content creation. The findings reveal that AI holds significant promise for enhancing personalized learning, improving student engagement, and reducing educator workloads. However, critical challenges persist, including concerns about data privacy, algorithmic bias, the digital divide, and the potential erosion of the teacher-student relationship. The review concludes that while AI is unlikely to replace human educators, its thoughtful integration can substantially enrich educational outcomes when guided by ethical frameworks and pedagogical best practices.