A qualitative enquiry into the socio-economic effects of xenophobic attacks on refugee entrepreneurs in South Africa

Abstract South Africa continues to experience recurrent episodes of xenophobic violence. This study employed a qualitative design to examine the socio-economic impacts of such attacks on refugee entrepreneurs. Researchers recruited participants from Atteridgeville, a township in Pretoria, South Africa, using snowball sampling, and collected data through semi-structured interviews, which they thematically analysed. The findings indicate that xenophobic attacks have profound consequences for refugee entrepreneurs, affecting their physical safety, psychological and emotional well-being, and spiritual stability. In addition, these attacks precipitate family fragmentation, intensify social isolation, and disrupt or destroy business operations. While government agencies, faith-based organisations, and community members provide some support, these responses are often fragmented and insufficient. The study recommends providing integrated psychotherapeutic, material, and financial support to enable affected refugees to rebuild their livelihoods. It further calls for the development and implementation of coordinated, evidence-based strategies to prevent future xenophobic violence.