Dual-Scale Waveform Optimization and Hysteretic-Fractal Resonant Stimulation (HFRS) for Minimizing Transport Resistance in Na-ion Lattices: Theory and Open Hardware Implementation

The transport of sodium ions (Na+) in intercalation battery materials is inherently limited by their larger ionic radius, leading to high activation energy (E_a) of diffusion and a non-linear increase in internal resistance (R_i) during fast-charging. This paper introduces a radical departure from macroscopic Constant Current/Constant Voltage (CC/CV) methodologies by proposing a Dual-Scale Waveform Optimization approach combined with Hysteretic-Fractal Resonant Stimulation (HFRS). Instead of relying on a static DC baseline, an 8-GPU computational cluster dynamically searches for the "ideal macroscopic shape" of the charging pulse, superimposed with high-frequency fractal excitations. This stimulation targets the resonant frequencies of crystal defects and oxygen vacancies to temporarily lower steric Peierls barriers, leading to a state approaching optimal collisionless ion transport. The paper details the anomaly detection methodology, the parallel search architecture, and proposes the design of an Open Hardware Wideband GaN PCB module for in-line dynamic charge control.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23186883
Primary Topic
Advanced Battery Technologies Research
Type
preprint
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preprint

Dual-Scale Waveform Optimization and Hysteretic-Fractal Resonant Stimulation (HFRS) for Minimizing Transport Resistance in Na-ion Lattices: Theory and Open Hardware Implementation

Michal Mazgal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Battery Technologies Research
preprint

Dual-Scale Waveform Optimization and Hysteretic-Fractal Resonant Stimulation (HFRS) for Minimizing Transport Resistance in Na-ion Lattices: Theory and Open Hardware Implementation

Michal Mazgal
preprint en

Abstract

The transport of sodium ions (Na+) in intercalation battery materials is inherently limited by their larger ionic radius, leading to high activation energy (E_a) of diffusion and a non-linear increase in internal resistance (R_i) during fast-charging. This paper introduces a radical departure from macroscopic Constant Current/Constant Voltage (CC/CV) methodologies by proposing a Dual-Scale Waveform Optimization approach combined with Hysteretic-Fractal Resonant Stimulation (HFRS). Instead of relying on a static DC baseline, an 8-GPU computational cluster dynamically searches for the "ideal macroscopic shape" of the charging pulse, superimposed with high-frequency fractal excitations. This stimulation targets the resonant frequencies of crystal defects and oxygen vacancies to temporarily lower steric Peierls barriers, leading to a state approaching optimal collisionless ion transport. The paper details the anomaly detection methodology, the parallel search architecture, and proposes the design of an Open Hardware Wideband GaN PCB module for in-line dynamic charge control.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Battery Technologies Research
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Dual-Scale Waveform Optimization and Hysteretic-Fractal Resonant Stimulation (HFRS) for Minimizing Transport Resistance in Na-ion Lattices: Theory and Open Hardware Implementation — Michal Mazgal · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS