Spatial Distribution and Reported VOC Emission Characteristics of Chinese Tire Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Permit and Self-Monitoring Records, 2023–2024

To clarify the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China’s tire manufacturing industry, this study compiled enterprise distribution, permit-listed VOCs, monitoring concentrations, and annual emissions for 2023–2024 from national and provincial public platforms. Tire manufacturers were concentrated in eastern coastal provinces; Shandong, Hebei, and Jiangsu accounted for 62.39% of 702 permit-holding enterprises. Twelve VOCs in five chemical classes were listed in pollutant-control records and were not necessarily measured at every enterprise. For explicitly process-labeled non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) records, descriptive means ranged from 3.26 to 4.76 mg/m3; uneven coverage precludes a general ranking of processes. Reported annual VOC totals decreased from 1100.25 t in 2023 to 669.95 t in 2024, and NMHC totals decreased from 1031.03 t to 937.76 t; incomplete and unequal reporting coverage may affect these comparisons. Large enterprises contributed 62.22% of the available reported VOC total in 2024. These results describe enterprises covered by the permitting and reporting systems and do not establish national representativeness, universal compliance, causal reduction effects, or control-technology performance.