Understanding the essential components of a successful peer support program: perspectives of police officers

Peer support programs are increasingly prevalent within police organizations as part of broader efforts to address mental health challenges inherent to police work. However, empirical evidence guiding effective implementation remains limited. This qualitative study examines police officers’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators shaping the implementation of peer support programs within Canadian police services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 active-duty officers across four organizations, including peer supporters, program users, coordinators, and non-users. Data were analyzed using a deductive-inductive thematic analysis grounded in a previously established framework. The findings were synthesized into 12 interrelated themes organized across three categories: (1) program structure; (2) program ecosystem; and (3) program utilization. Results underscore the importance of proactive outreach from peer supporters, representative peer selection, and access to high-quality referral resources. These findings provide actionable guidance for police leaders, unions, and policymakers seeking to design and sustain effective peer support programs.