Economic loss assessment of lumpy skin disease outbreak in cattle of Bangladesh

Abstract Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) poses a significant economic threat to the cattle sector in Bangladesh, with the first report dating back to 2019. This investigation assessed the financial implications of LSDV outbreaks across eight divisions, including both direct and indirect costs. Data collection involved 430 farmers and encompassed 2,541 cattle, which were subsequently analyzed through epidemiological and economic models. Crossbred cattle represented 73.4% of the sample and exhibited higher morbidity rates at 32%, along with greater milk loss amounting to US$23.18 (BDT 2,754) per cattle. In contrast, native breeds had a morbidity rate of 25.5% and a milk loss of US$15.74 (BDT 1,870). The overall mortality rate was 4.96%, with native breeds showing a marginally higher rate of 5.78% compared to crossbred cattle, which had a rate of 4.66%. The total direct economic losses per cattle amounted to US$101.18 (BDT 12,020) for crossbred cattle and US$74.85 (BDT 8,892) for native cattle, encompassing factors such as milk production and weight loss. The average indirect costs, including factors such as isolation and additional management, were US$18.55 (BDT 2,204) for crossbred cattle and US$4.27 (BDT 507) for native breeds. The overall economic loss was assessed at US$580.20 million (BDT 68,927.76 million) on a national scale. Farmers encountered significant obstacles, including diminished productivity, rising veterinary expenses, and increased emotional strain. The findings highlight the unequal economic burden on crossbred cattle and reveal regional variations in the disease’s impact. The investigation highlights the necessity for improved veterinary services, education for farmers, and biosecurity protocols to alleviate the economic and psychological implications of LSDV. Focused strategies have the potential to enhance cattle well-being, protect economic stability, and strengthen the robustness of Bangladesh’s livestock industry.