From Vulnerability to Agency: An analysis of Youth Participation in Preventing Violent Extremism in Kamukunji Sub-County, Kenya

Youth are often portrayed as vulnerable to recruitment into violent extremism; however, they can also function as critical agents in prevention and in strengthening community resilience. This study investigated factors influencing youth participation in violent extremism prevention (PVE) programs in Kamukunji Sub-County, Kenya, despite ongoing interventions by government and non-governmental organizations. The study used a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data. The study analyzed qualitative data thematically and processed quantitative data using SPSS. Drawing on relative deprivation and stereotype theories, the study examined the impact of peer victimization, trust deficits between youth and security agents, negative stereotyping and limited youth involvement on participation in PVE initiatives. The findings show that distrust of security agencies and peer pressure are key impediments to youth participation and willingness to share information regarding violent extremism. Negative stereotyping and limited opportunities for meaningful inclusion further restrict participation. The study contends that effective PVE requires moving beyond approaches that primarily frame youth as susceptible populations or security risks and instead appreciating their potential agency in prevention. Building trust between youth and security actors, addressing negative stereotypes, reducing peer-related barriers and creating meaningful opportunities for youth involvement may strengthen their contributions to locally grounded prevention efforts.