Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties Determination, and Absorption Simulation of Phenytoin: An Undergraduate Medicinal Chemistry Experiment for Laboratory Education

Abstract Laboratory experimentation plays a pivotal role in the discipline of pharmaceutical chemistry, reinforcing theoretical knowledge and supporting the development of practical skills. Drug synthesis and determination of the physicochemical properties of synthesized compounds are essential topics commonly explored in laboratory-based instruction. In this context, the presently described experimental work comprises two laboratory sessions of 3 h each. On the first day, students carry out synthesis and characterization of phenytoin, while in the second session its solubility is determined, using a solvent series with an increasing polarity index and at different pH values and concluding with a simulated assessment of its absorption when administered orally. The main objectives of this laboratory assignment are for the students to develop confidence in executing standard experimental procedures and deepen their understanding of the chemical concepts related to heterocyclic compounds in order to enhance their research skills, analytical reasoning, and critical thinking. The assessment includes prelaboratory and postlaboratory assignments and in-lab operation and experimental observation. The results obtained from the evaluation of this laboratory exercise are excellent, and the students have demonstrated, through their comments collected in a final survey, a high level of appreciation for this lab project.