Analysis of ship motion near the bank in shallow water based on CFD and response surface method

The rapid growth of commercial fleets has increased navigation accident risks in restricted channels. Under drift conditions, the bank effect alters vessel maneuvering behavior, while forces and moments remain highly sensitive to operational parameters. This study investigates hydrodynamic interaction between a tanker and a vertical bank in shallow water using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The effects of depth-to-draft ratio (h/T), lateral bank distance, forward speed, and drift angle (β) are analyzed. Results show that pressure asymmetry and wave-making resistance increase as water depth decreases and drift angle increases. At shallow water (h/T = 1.2), surge force exhibits non-monotonic behavior, with stronger wake separation and bow waves than at h/T = 1.5. Response surface analysis shows that combined effects of depth-to-draft ratio and lateral distance partially mitigate surge force. The roll moment exhibits nonlinear behavior with no clear dependence on lateral distance or forward speed during drift motion.