Research on the Construction and Optimization of an Ecological–Cultural–Recreational Composite Network in Resource Agglomeration Areas: A Case Study of the Taishan Area

It remains a critical scientific challenge to respond to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and achieve sustainable conservation and synergistic development in resource agglomeration areas. This study focuses on the Taishan Area, a representative resource aggregation area, and employs Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST), Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), Spatial Principal Component Analysis (SPCA), and circuit theory to identify sources, construct resistances, and extract corridors, develop an integrated ecological–cultural–recreational network, and optimize it by incorporating stepping stones. The results showed the following: (1) High-quality ecological, cultural, and recreational nodes were connected by constructing the composite network. (2) After optimization, the network structure index (α, β, and γ) increased by 0.13, 0.25, and 0.08, indicating that the spatial structure and connectivity density of the composite network were effectively enhanced. (3) A regional optimization plan featuring “Two conservation areas, Three belts, and Seven circles” was proposed, designating specific areas or circles to guide the synergistic development of resources in the Taishan Area. It also provides a replicable and valuable reference for sustainable development and resource protection in other resource agglomeration areas.