Ensuring the Stability of Subgrade in Permafrost Areas Using the Example of Amur Oblast

Objective: to conduct a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of rock riprap and pile foundations for ensuring subgrade stability in permafrost areas of Amur Oblast. Methods: assessment of embankment slope stability using the Shakhunyants method (circular cylindrical slip surfaces) in the GEO5 software. Calculations were performed for two reinforcement options: rock riprap and pile field (length 5 m, spacing 2.5 m). Results: the factor of safety for rock riprap was 2.53, and for the pile field — 2.41. Both values exceed regulatory requirements (1.15–1.30). The seasonal freezing depth in the region reaches 2.0–2.5 m. Practical significance: the results can be applied in the design of roads on sections of the Baikal- Amur Mainline. The choice of solution is recommended to be determined by technical and economic comparison considering local conditions.