FRAME-PS: a typology-specific method for assessing climate resilience in urban public spaces

FRAME-PS (Field-ready Resilience Assessment Model for Public Spaces) is developed as a transparent, repeatable, and typology-specific model for assessing public space resilience across problem domains. The article operationalizes its climate resilience module, since climate-related stressors cut across spatial, ecological, social, economic, and governance dimensions and directly affect everyday public space performance. The module follows four stages: assembling spatial criteria, eliciting typology-specific expert weights, translating criteria into a standardized field assessment protocol, and aggregating site scores into a Composite Resilience Score (CRS). For the square typology, it uses 24 climate resilience criteria to connect criterion importance with on-site performance. A pilot application at Istanbul's Taksim Square demonstrates the module at field scale, without claiming generalization to all squares. The assessment produced a CRS of 1.71 out of 5.00, corresponding to 34.2% of the maximum score. Deficits clustered in high-weight, low-score criteria, including climatic shelter, tree canopy, pervious surfaces, material performance, water features, and nature-based cooling. The weight × score logic identifies intervention priorities along exposed desire lines and waiting areas. FRAME-PS provides a practical decision aid, while future multi-site and multi-season applications should test transferability and recalibrate scoring anchors.